Bibliography on Vancouver Lake Watershed, including Burnt Bridge Creek, Flushing Channel, Lake River, and Salmon Creek |
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| Entire Bibliography (.doc format) | Summary | Title Page and Acknowledgements | Timeline | ||
| Vancouver Lake | Burnt Bridge Creek | Salmon Creek | Lake River | Related Links | |
| Bibliography 1900-50 | Bibliography 1951-60 | Bibliography 1961-70 | Bibliography 1971-80 | Bibliography 1981-90 | Bibliography 1991-Present |
Bibliography of Vancouver Lake watershed, including Burnt Bridge Creek, Flushing Channel, Lake River, and Salmon Creek
A history of restoration efforts for Vancouver Lake
Samadpour,
M., C. Addy, T. Newman. 1999. Burnt Bridge Creek Microbial Source Tracking:
Identification of Sources of Microbial Pollution in Burnt Bridge Creek Watershed.
Vancouver, WA: City of Vancouver, Public Works Dept.
Burnt Bridge Creek (BBC) Vancouver, Washington, has been classified by the Washington State Department of Ecology as a Class A Stream. Violations of the fecal coliform standard and other standards for Class A Streams have placed Burnt Bridge Creek on the EPA 303d List of Impaired or Threatened Water Bodies.
To determine the source or sources of fecal contamination in BBC as measured by the fecal coliform level, Microbial Source Tracking (MST) was employed in a two-phase study, Phase One from July 1996 to February 1997 and Phase Two from May 1998 to March 1999. The MST method matches strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli) a fecal coliform, found in a stream with known E coli strains from suspected sources. The most frequently identified source of E. coli bacteria in Burnt Bridge Creek is of human origin. As BBC flows westward, the identified E. coli from humans increases from N.E. 137th Street, near the headwaters, at 4.4 percent to 20 percent at N.E. 2nd Avenue. The data strongly indicates that the source of human E. coli in Burnt Bridge Creek is from septic tank systems and not sanitary sewer lines. Other major sources of microbial pollution in BBC include pets, dogs, cats, migratory birds, urban wildlife, and livestock.
Recommendations for the control of microbiological pollutin in BBC watershed include:
- Reducing the number of septic tank systems in the watershed, especially those nearest to BBC.
- Education of pet owners on the proper disposal of wastes from their pets.
- Discourage formation of resident populations of migratory birds.
- Control the population of urban wildlife, opossums, raccoons, and rodents.
- Encourage livestock owners to observe best management practices for pastures and animal waste handling.
- Continue tree planting along the streambeds to reduce the elevated water temperatures in BBC, which in turn will reduce fecal coliform regrowth.
Another recommendatin is to increase the summer Burnt Bridge Creek water flow by the additional of high quality groundwater to the stream. If feasible, this action could improve BBC water quality in regards to fecal coliform, temperature, and dissolved oxygen levels, all currently in violation of Class A stream standards. The potential of infection from pathogenic bacteria resulting from stream contact would also be reduced. The addition of groundwater to BBC could be an interim measure to improve stream water quality if the other recommended activities are successful.
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Last modified:
April 27, 2010
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