1. Estimating the chum salmon population in Hardy Creek 1957-93 by Hymer, Joe Publication: Battle Ground, WA WDFW 1994 . 15 leaves , 10028 28 cm. Date:1994 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet Library [SH 11 .W36 C54 no.94-11] (1), Log in to add tags. Match: ... Estimating the chum salmon population in Hardy Creek 1957-93 ... INTRODUCTION: Historically, chum were found in many Columbia River tributaries. Currently, there are a few tributaries that maintain low levels of chum production; however the only remaining viable natural spawning populations are found in the Grays River system and Hamilton and Hardy creeks in Washington. This report will focus on the Hardy Creek chum natural spawning population. ... Generally, Hardy Creek chum escapements have been measured by fish/mile and total population estimates. The "Status Report" lists escapement in fish/mile (WDF, 1993a). The "Salmon and Steelhead Stock Inventory" also lists escapement in fish/mile (WDF, 1993b). Washington Department of Fisheries (1951) estimated chum escapement at 4,000 fish for the minor tributaries of the Washougal River area including Hamilton and Hardy creeks. The numbers of chum spawning in Hardy Creek averaged about 160 fish annually from 1967-71 (Fiscus, 1973). The later estimate was incorporated into the "Fisheries Resources in Southwest Washington" Review Draft (WDF, 1973). ... In 1978, Washington Department of Fisheries (WDF) conducted a carcass tagging experiment to determine the Hardy Creek chum spawning population. A total of 26 chum carcasses were tagged and only 6 were recovered from Hardy Crek. The low number of recoveries failed to produce a population estimate fro Hardy Creek chum (Dammers, 1979). ... However, a chum carcass tagging experiment in Hamilton Creek was successful in 1978. Considering the close stream proximity and size in addition to the similar timing of chum between Hamilton and Hardy creeks, it was assumed that the same relationship existed between peak counts and total population estimates for both streams. Therefore, the 1.53 peak count expansion factor developed for the Hamilton Creek chum population in 1978 was applied to the Hardy Creek peak chum count. Based on the peak count expansion factor, an estimated 136 and 64 chum spawned in Hamilton and Hardy creeks in 1978, respectively (Dammers, 1979). ... Recent Hardy Creek chum population estimates have been developed by the Hamilton Creek peak count expansion factor. These population estimates have been published in several reports including "The Stock Assessment Report" (Howell et al. 1984) and "Columbia River Subbasin Plan". (WDF, 1990). ... Because of the apparent shift in spawning escapement trends and the importance of Hardy Creek as a major Columbia River chum producer, a carcass tagging study was conducted in Hardy Creek in 1993. The carcass tagging study was an attempt to improve Hardy Creek chum population estimates. The peak count expansion factor developed from the 1993 carcass tagging study (if applicable) could be applied to the historic peak fish counts. Spawning ground counts have been conducted since 1957 on Hardy Creek. ... Chum index counts are likely to be conducted under less than optimum water conditions. The Grays River chum carcass tagging studies were affected by water visibility conditions for determining the actual peak counts necessary for generating natural spawn population estimates. Hardy Creek water conditions were also examined to determine whether counting efficiency was affected. ... By creating individual peak count and visibility expansion factors from the 1993 carcass tagging study, it will be possible to improve Hardy Creek chum population estimates, both past and present. By determining the population estimates for this stream, a single reference source could be used for future reports. ... Age composition data has been gathered for many years from Hardy Creek. By combining the population estimates with the age composition, a cohort database can be created. This cohort database, which includes return and brood year tables, could eventually be used to predict future runs. Hardy Creek is the last remaining Washington Columbia River chum current index area to have a be carcass tagging study done to generate natural spawn population estimates. In addition to the Hamilton Creek chum carcass tagging study in 1978, similar studies were conducted in the Grays River system in 1978 and 1991. ... Fish populations ... Estimates ... population estimates ... spawning survey ... Actions: Add to Cart
2. Population estimates of natural spawning adult and jack fall chinook on the Wind, Big White Salmon, and Klickitat rivers, 1964-81 by Norman, Guy Publication: Vancouver, WA WDF 1982 . [11] p. , 10033 28 cm. Date:1982 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet References [StreamNet Reference] (1), Match: ... Population estimates of natural spawning adult and jack fall chinook on the Wind, Big White Salmon, and Klickitat rivers, 1964-81 ... INTRODUCTION: In order to develop a means of accountability for fall chinook passing over Bonneville Dam, but not accounted for in The Dalles Dam counts or Bonneville pool fisheries, existing data was reviewed and fall chinook spawning population estimates were made on the Wind, Big White Salmon, and Klickitat rivers, 1964-81. The best available data was then used to estimate the adult and jack proportions of the spawning populations estimated for each stream. ... Spawning ... population estimates ... Actions: Add to Cart
3. Estimating the natural spawning chum population in the Grays River Basin by Hymer, Joe Publication: Battle Ground, WA WDF 1994 . 17, [31] p. , 10004 28 cm. Date:1994 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet Library [SH 11.W36 C54 no.93-17] (1), Match: ... Estimating the natural spawning chum population in the Grays River Basin ... INTRODUCTION: Hundreds of thousands of chum returned to the Columbia River less than a century ago. In 1929, commercial landings peaked at nearly 700,000 fish (Chaney and Perry, 1976). As recently as 1942, nearly half a million Columbia River chum were landed by commercial fishermen. Sinc ethe early-1960's however, commercial catches have not exceeded two thousand fish (except 1988). In addition, peak fish/mile index area spawning ground counts have not exceeded one thousand fish (WDF, 1992). Oregon Columbia River chum escapement is currently so small the state has classified them as a "sensitive" species. In 1993, Washington's Grays River system and Hamilton Creek chum stock status were described as "depressed" (WDF, et al., 1993). ... Historically, chum were found in many Columbia River tributaries. Currently, there are a few tributaries that maintain low levels of chum production; however, the only remaining viable natural spawning populations are found in the Grays River system and Hamilton and Hardy creeks in Washington. This report will focus on the Grays River system natural spawning population. ... Washington Department of Fisheries (WDF) records indicate chum spawned in the West Fork and mainstem Grays River, Seal River, and Malone, Fossil, Hull, Klints, and Carzy Johnson creeks (WDF, 1973). No spawning ground counts could be found for Seal River and Malone Creek though chum numbers are assumed to be minimal. Chum are no longer consistently observed in Fossil, Hull, and Klints creeks and those streams are usually not surveyed. The West Fork of the Grays River peak area index counts are usually minor but are part of the annual spawning ground counts. Crazy Johnson Creek and the mainstem Grays River comprise the remaining annual spawning ground counts. By 1978 it was apparent that production had shifted to the mainstem Grays and Crazy Johnson Creek; at least partially the result of spawning habitat degradation in other areas of the Grays River system (Dammers, 1979). A map of the Grays River chum spawning areas can be found in Figure 1. ... In 1985, WDF Habitat Division constructed a pilot spawning channel at Gorley Springs. Subsequent spawning ground counts revealed a substantial number of chum spawned in the improved channel. Over 400 0chum were counted in Gorley Creek the following year (Fiscus, 1987). ... Except for 1951, pre-1968 index area counts were enumerated as fish/mile. Washington Department of Fisheries estimated 7,500 chum returned to the Grays River system in 1951. In 1978, WDF conducted a carcass tagging experiment to determine the Grays River chum natural spawning population. For the purpose of that population estimate, Grays River chum were treated as one homogenous population. Grays River total spawning ground population estimates were calculated for 1968 - 1978 using this information (Dammers, 1979). ... By creating individual peak count and visibility expansion factors, it is possible to re-examine historical data where peak fish/mile counts and water visibility conditions were made and use this information to construct past total natural spawning population estimates. In addition, age composition data has been gathered for many years. By combining the population estimates with the age composition, return and brood year tables could be created; hence historical Grays River chum returns could be used to predict future runs. ... In 1991, chum carcasses were tagged to determine individual peak count and create visibility expansion factors. The index areas used in the 1978 study were repeated for the 1991 study. In addition, WDF attempted to conduct a carcass tagging study to estimate the total chum natural spawning population in Gorley Creek. Details of the carcass studies and attempts to create individual natural spawn population estimates (including Gorley Creek) and re-examination of past data to improve the historical data base are provided in this report. ... Fish populations ... Estimates ... population estimates ... Spawning ... spawning survey ... Actions: Add to Cart
4. Spring chinook spawning ground counts and population estimates for the south fork of the McKenzie River in 1956   Publication: Salem, OR ODFW 1957 . [6] p. ; 28 cm. , 50135 Date:1957 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet Library (1), Match: ... Spring chinook spawning ground counts and population estimates for the south fork of the McKenzie River in 1956 ... Actions: Add to Cart
5. Investigations into the life history of spring Chinook salmon in the Grande Ronde River basin by Keefe, MaryLouise Publication: Portland, OR BPA 1996 . i, 37 p. , 29072 28 cm. Date:1996 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet References [StreamNet Reference] (1), Match: ... INTRODUCTION: The Grande Ronde River originates in the Blue Mountains and flow 334 kilometers to its confluence with the Snake River near Rogersburg, Washington. Historically, the Grande Ronde River produced an abundance of salmonids including spring, summer and fall chinook salmon, sockeye salmon, coho salmon, and summer steelhead (ODFW 1990). During the past century, numerous factors have caused the reduction of salmon populations such that only spring chinook salmon and summer steelhead remain. The sizes of spring chinook salmon populations in the Grande Ronde basin also have been declining steadily and are substantially depressed from estimates of historic levels. It is estimated that prior to the construction of the Columbia and Snake River dams, more than 20,000 adult spring chinook salmon returned to spawn in the Grande Ronde River (ODFW 1990). A spawning escapement of 12,200 adults was estimated for the Grande Ronde in 1957 (USACE 1975). Recent population estimates have been variable year to year, yet remain an order of magnitude lower than historic estimates. In 1992, escapement estimates were 1,022 adults (2.4 X number of redds observed). In addition to a decline in population abundance, a constriction of spring chinook spawning distribution is evident in the Grande Ronde basin. Historically, 21 streams supported spawning chinook salmon, yet today the majority of production is limited to 8 tributary streams and the mainstem upper Grande Ronde River (ODFW 1990). ... Precipitous declines in Snake River spring chinook salmon, including the Grande Ronde populations, resulted in the listing of Snake River Evolutionary Significant Unit as endangered under the Endangered Species Act in August 1994. Proposed recovery efforts for Snake River spring chinook salmon require knowledge of population specific life history strategies and critical habitats for spawning, rearing, and downstream migration (Snake River Recovery Team 1993, NWPPC 1992, ODFW 1990). In addition, we need to increase our knowledge of juvenile migration patterns, smolt production and survival, and winter rearing habitat utilization for juvenile spring chinook in the Grande Ronde basin. Both historic and recent estimates of juvenile production in the basin are lacking. However, given the decrease in total number of adult salmon returning to the basin and the extent of habitat degradation, it is reasonable to assume that juvenile production in the basin also has declined. Recent parr-to-smolt survival indices for the Grande Ronde basin range from 12.4-22.1% (Achord et al. 1992, Walters in press). These estimates are based on data from parr that were individually tagged with passive integrated transponders (PIT tags) in early fall and were recaptured at mainstem Columbia and Snake river dams. Therefore, we can not separate out mortality that occurs during the smolt migration from mortality that occurs during the fall and winter prior to the smolt migration. ... In addition to information on habitats critical for early life stages of chinook salmon, we need to provide information on critical spawning habitat and for monitoring adult populations. Spawning ground surveys provide data on spawning abundance and distribution, sex and age composition of spawners, and origin of spawners. Age composition data is used to develop estimates of brood year production and survival. This information, in turn, is necessary for monitoring population trends used to guide management activities. Information on the distribution and abundance of hatchery strays is also obtained from spawning ground surveys and will help guide hatchery programs in order to minimize impacts to wild populations. ... Spring chinook salmon spawning ground surveys have been conducted in selected reaches within spawning areas of streams in the Grande Ronde and Imnaha river basins since the 1950s. Fro each spawning stream, both the area surveyed and time of survey were standardized in the 1960s resulting in what have been subsequently called index surveys. Index surveys were the only basis for spawning escapement estimates in the past and are still in use today to monitor trends in spring chinook salmon spawner abundance in Northeast Oregon streams. However, there has been some concern that index surveys do not adequately index current spawner escapement. Changes in the condition of spring chinook habitat, spawner abundance, and origin of spawners have occurred since the index surveys were established over 30 years ago. Thus, one concern is whether or not index surveys provide adequate data to monitor trends in current spawning escapement. In addition, past attempts to develop escapement estimates based on index redd counts have fallen short of our expectations because information on three critical factors needed to expand index redd counts into spawner escapement estimates was scarce or lacking. These factors included the proportion of total redds observed in an index area (spatial expansion), the proportion of total redds that are in the index areas that are observed during the index count (temporal expansion), and the relationship between number of redds and fish (fish/redd). Furthermore, given declining trends in Snake River spring chinook salmon populations, escapement estimates for the upper Snake River tributaries need to be more accurate and precise than could be provided by the traditional index surveys. ... In 1986, ODFW initiated extensive area and supplemental surveys to measure how well standard index surveys currently index spawner escapement, and to develop more precise estimates of naturally spawning spring chinook salmon. Extensive surveys are conducted on the same day as the index survey and extend the area surveyed beyond the index area to encompass the presumed, total potential area utilized for spawning. Supplemental surveys are conducted within the index area on later dates than the index counts. Results from the extensive and supplemental surveys conducted from 1986-1992 showed that, in most cases, index surveys could not be used to estimate spawner escapement adequately. In the majority of the streams sampled, the percentage of redds observed on index surveys varied considerably from year to year. In addition, supplemental surveys showed that the spawning timing was variable from year to year, thus, there was large variation associated with the percentage of redds observed at the time of the index survey. Unless index area surveys can be established that represent a consistent proportion of the total number of redds in the Grande Ronde and Imnaha River basin, extensive and supplemental surveys will need to be conducted so that we can accurately estimate natural spawner escapement. ... spawning ground survey ... Actions: Add to Cart
6. Nez Perce Tribe Chinook salmon and steelhead adult escapement and spawning ground   Publication: NPT Lapwai, ID 2007 . 40 p. , 46845 Date:2007 Availability: No items available: Match: ... Nez Perce Tribe Chinook salmon and steelhead adult escapement and spawning ground ... INTRODUCTION: This document summarizes adult spring, summer, and fall chinook salmon and steelhead population estimates and spawning ground survey information collected on streams surveyed by the Nez Perce Tribe Department of Fisheries Resources Management (DFRM) during 2006. The purpose of this document is to provide resource assessment information to co-managers on a timely basis. Data collection is conducted under multiple contracts with specific project objectives and study designs. Methods have been standardized to assure accurate characterization of basic performance measures. Final data and a complete description of project specific methods will be contained in project specific annual reports. ... Adult spring and summer chinook salmon escapement estimates are presented from six streams where adult monitoring sites are located. Adult steelhead escapement information is presented from two streams located in the Imnaha River subbasin. Spring, summer, and fall chinook salmon redd count and carcass data is presented from multiple streams surveyed in the Clearwater River, Salmon River, Grande Ronde River, and Imnaha River subbasins. Index area (trend), extensive area, and supplemental area redd count information is presented. ... population estimates ... spawning ground surveys ... escapement estimates ... Actions: Add to Cart
7. Nez Perce Tribe Chinook salmon and steelhead adult escapement and spawning ground   Publication: NPT Lapwai, ID 2008 . 34 p. , 52853 Date:2008 Availability: No items available: Match: ... Nez Perce Tribe Chinook salmon and steelhead adult escapement and spawning ground ... INTRODUCTION: This document summarizes adult spring, summer, and fall chinook salmon and steelhead population estimates and spawning ground survey information collected on streams surveyed by the Nez Perce Tribe Department of Fisheries Resources Management (DFRM) during 2007. The purpose of this document is to provide resource assessment information to co-managers on a timely basis. Data collection is conducted under multiple contracts with specific project objectives and study designs. Methods have been standardized to assure accurate characterization of basic performance measures. The reader is directed to project specific annual reports for a detailed description of methods used for calculation of performance measures. ... Adult spring and summer chinook salmon escapement estimates are presented from six streams where adult monitoring sites are located. Adult steelhead escapement information is presented from two streams located in the Imnaha River subbasin. Spring, summer, and fall chinook salmon redd count and carcass data is presented from multiple streams surveyed in the Clearwater River, Salmon River, Grande Ronde River, and Imnaha River subbasins. Index area (trend), extensive area, and supplemental area redd count information is presented. ... population estimates ... spawning ground surveys ... escapement estimates ... Actions: Add to Cart
8. Fish research project Oregon, early life history study of Grande Ronde River basin chinook salmon, project period: 1 September 1994 to 31 August 1995   Publication: Portland, OR BPA 1996 . [i], 39 pp. incl. lit. cited; 13 tables; 7 figures , 29226 Date:1996 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet Library [StreamNet Reference] (1), StreamNet References [StreamNet Reference] (1), Match: ... The Grande Ronde River originates in the Blue Mountains in northeast Oregon and flows 334 kilometers to its confluence with the Snake River near Rogersburg, Washington. Historically, the Grande Ronde River produced an abundance of salmonids including stocks of spring, summer and fall chinook salmon, sockeye salmon, coho salmon, and summer steelhead (ODFW 1990). During the past century, numerous factors have caused the reduction of salmon stocks such that only stocks of spring chinook salmon and summer steelhead remain. The sizes of spring chinook salmon populations in the Grande Ronde basin also have been declining steadily and are substantially depressed from estimates of historic levels. It is estimated that prior to the construction of the Columbia and Snake River dams, more than 20,000 adult spring chinook salmon returned to spawn in the Grande Ronde River basin (ODFW 1990). A spawning escapement of 12,200 adults was estimated for the Grande Ronde River basin in 1957 (USACE 1975). Recent population estimates have been variable year to year, yet remain a degree of magnitude lower than historic estimates. In 1992, the escapement estimate for the basin was 1,022 adults (2.4 X number of redds observed). In addition to a decline in population abundance, a constriction of spring chinook salmon spawning distribution is evident in the Grande Ronde basin. Historically, 21 streams supported spawning chinook salmon, yet today the majority of production is limited to eight tributary streams and the mainstem upper Grande Ronde River (ODFW 1990). ... Precipitous declines in Snake River spring chinook salmon resulted in these stocks, including the Grande Ronde River stocks, being listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act in October 1992. Development of sound recovery strategies for these salmon stocks require knowledge of stock specific life history strategies and critical habitats for spawning, rearing, and downstream migration (Snake River Recovery Team 1993, NWPPC 1992, ODFW 1990). In addition, we need to increase our knowledge of juvenile migration patterns, smolt production and survival, and winter rearing habitat utilization for juvenile spring chinook salmon in the Grande Ronde basin. Both historic and recent estimates of juvenile production in the basin are lacking. However, given the decrease in total number of adult salmon returning to the basin and the extent of habitat degradation, it is reasonable to assume that juvenile production in the basin also has declined. Recent parr-to-smolt survival estimates for the Grande Ronde basin range from 12.4 to 22.1% (Achord et al. 1992, Sankovich et al. in press). These estimates are based on data from parr that were individually tagged with passive integrated transponders (PIT tags) in late summer and were detected at mainstem Columbia and Snake river dams. Therefore, we can not separate mortality that occurs during the smolt migration from mortality that occurs during the fall and winter prior to the smolt migration. ... Actions: Add to Cart
9. Estimating the population size of natural spawning bright fall Chinook in the Big White Salmon River by Hymer, Joe Publication: Battle Ground, WA WDF 1991 . 1 v. (unpaged) ; 28 cm ; appendices, lit. cited; 8 tables , 220 28 cm. Date:1991 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet Library [SH 11 .W36 C54 no.91-20] (1), Match: ... Estimating the population size of natural spawning bright fall Chinook in the Big White Salmon River ... INTRODUCTION: Significant numbers of fall chinook [sic] spawning occurred in the Big White Salmon River during October and November in 1987 and again in 1988 (Hymer, 1988). Coded-wire tag recoveries from carcasses sampled during late fall 1987 and 1988 revealed those fish were primarily stray Upriver Bright stock from Bonneville and Little White Salmon hatcheries (Hymer, 1989). No expansion factor has been developed to estimate the late fall spawning segment of the population in this river. Preliminary populstion estimates for the late spawning fall chinook were based on a variety of factors including live and dead fish counts, water visibility, stock timing and the tule (early fall) peak fish count expansion factor. Natural spawning fall chinook numbers are needed for the fall chinook database and run reconstruction. A mark-recapture study was conducted from October-December, 1989 to determine a population estimate and peak count expansion factor. Data collected from this study would be used to confirm the stock origin. Details of the study including population estimation, age and stock composition are provided below. ... Fish populations ... Estimates ... Actions: Add to Cart
10. 1960 King salmon spawning population estimates for the Sacramento-San Joaquin River systems   Publication: Sacramento, CA CDFG 1962 . 14 p.: 28 cm; 4 tables; 3 figures , 90002 Date:1962 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet Library (1), StreamNet Library (), Match: ... 1960 King salmon spawning population estimates for the Sacramento-San Joaquin River systems ... Spawning--Statistics ... spawning surveys ... population estimates ... California Fish populations ... Actions: Add to Cart
11. Spawner - recruit relationships for spring and summer Chinook salmon populations in several Columbia and Snake River subbasins by Petrosky, Charles E. Publication: S.l. s.n. 1995 . 115 p. , 50027 28 cm. Date:1995 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet Library StreamNet References [StreamNet Reference] (1), Match: ... Spawner - recruit relationships for spring and summer Chinook salmon populations in several Columbia and Snake River subbasins ... This report reviews and updates spawner and recruit data for Snake and Columbia River spring/summer chinook [sic] stocks; develops data for index stocks subjected to varying levels of human-induced mortality from hydropower, habitat, and hatchery effects; provides consistent data based on standard methods and spreadsheets; and identifies index stocks, data sources, calculation methods, and assumptions. Numbers of spawners and returning recruits to the mouth of the Columbia River were estimated for 11 index populations from the Deschutes, John Day, Grande Ronde, Salmon, and Imnaha River subbasins using spawning ground surveys, age frequencies, mainstem and tributary harvest rates, and mainstem conversion rates available from the 1950's to present. Average numbers of spawners, recruits per spawner, and spawners per spawner varied substantially from year to year and stock-recruitment functions generally accounted for less than half of this variability. Since 1970, average productivity expressed in terms of recruits per spawner and spawners per spawner was much less in Snake River populations than in lower Columbia River populations. Average number of Columbia River recruits per spawner and spawners per spawner generally declined between the late 1950's and present and the decline was more pronounced among Snake River populations. More intensive analysis of these data based on population-specific interpretations and stochastic risk analyses which incorporate the observed variability is required to project future trends and population responses to management alternatives. ... population estimates ... spawning ground survey ... Actions: Add to Cart
12. Estimating the population size of natural spawning fall chinook in the Cowlitz River, 1992   Publication: Battle Ground, WA Washington Dept. of Fish and Wildlife, Planning, Research and Harvst Management 1994 . 13, [16] p. : 1 map ; 28 cm. Date:1994 Availability: Copies available: (1), Match: ... Estimating the population size of natural spawning fall chinook in the Cowlitz River, 1992 ... Fish populations--Estimates--Washington (State)--Cowlitz River ... Actions: Add to Cart
13. Personal communication to Gary Christofferson, dated May 20, 1998 (Fall-run chinook spawning population estimates for the San Joaquin River system)   Publication: unpublished 1998 . [5] leaves; 4 tables; 0 figures , 60669 Date:1998 Availability: Copies available: (1), Match: ... Personal communication to Gary Christofferson, dated May 20, 1998 (Fall-run chinook spawning population estimates for the San Joaquin River system) ... population estimates ... Spawning ... Actions: Add to Cart
14. Survey of chinook salmon spawning grounds in the upper Salmon River Drainage by Bjornn, Ted C. Publication: Boise, ID IDFG 1963 . 26 p. , 59 28 cm. Date:1963 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet Library [QL 638 .S21 S354 1962] (1), Match: ... Survey of chinook salmon spawning grounds in the upper Salmon River Drainage ... Each year, the numbers of chinook [sic] salmon redds are counted in various streams to obtain a measure of population trend and an index of abundance. Fork length measurements and sex determinations of dead chinook salmon found on the spawning grounds are made each year to determine the approximate sex ratio and age class composition of the spawning escapements. These data combined with Idaho harvest estimates, Columbia and Snake River dam counts, commercial harvest data, and estimates of total run size are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the salmon management program in Idaho. ... During the last three years (1960-1962) studies have been conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the data collected from the spawning grounds. The results of the studies conducted in the upper Salmon River Drainage are presented in this report. ... Actions: Add to Cart
15. Addendum to 8/13/80 naturally spawning population estimates memo by Kreitman, Gayle Publication: Vancouver, WA WDF 1981 . [10] leaves; 3 tables , 10029 28 cm. Date:1981 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet References [StreamNet Reference] (1), Match: ... Addendum to 8/13/80 naturally spawning population estimates memo ... This provides the 1980 escapement and age composition estimates as well as changes made to certain pre-1980 estimates. The 1964-1979 adult age compositions (except North Fork of the Lewis River) were based on the relationships between the lower river hatcheries and the different gill net seasons. After reevaluation, adult age compositions using hatchery sampling data were deemed more appropriate. .... ... population estimates ... Actions: Add to Cart
16. King (chinook) salmon spawning stocks in California's Central Valley, 1974   Publication: Sacramento, CA CDFG 1976 . 33 p.: 28 cm; 8 tables; 3 figures , 90016 Date:1976 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet Library (1), StreamNet Library (), Match: ... King (chinook) salmon spawning stocks in California's Central Valley, 1974 ... spawning distribution ... Chinook salmon--Spawning ... population estimates ... run estimates ... spawning survey ... Actions: Add to Cart
17. Determination of fishery losses in the Flathead system resulting from the construction of Hungry Horse Dam by Zubik, Raymond J. Publication: Portland, OR BPA 1987 . 1 v. (various pagings) , 85080 28 cm. Date:1987 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet Library [SH 173 .Z83 1986] (1), Match: ... EXEC. SUMMARY (SN 85080) : This study is part of the Northwest Power Planning Council's resident fish and wildlife plan, which is responsible for mitigating damages to fish and wildlife resources caused by hydroelectric development in the Columbia River basin. The major goal of this study was to provide estimates of fishery losses to the Flathead system as a result of the completion of Hungry Horse Dam and to propose mitigation alternatives for enhancing the fishery. ... Hungry Horse Reservoir (HHR) flooded approximately 57 km of the South Fork of the Flathead River and portions of 37 tributary streams with potential use for salmonids. Additionally, the dam blocked access to about 38 percent of the total drainage area available for spawning salmonids migrating upstream from Flathead Lake. ... Based on population estimates from the river above HHR, we calculated that potential habitat for about 12,000 juvenile cutthroat was lost when the South Fork Flathead River was inundated. These fish were also adfluvials destined for Flathead Lake. Access to tributary habitat that would support approximately 165,500 adfluvial cutthroat juveniles was lsot in the upper South Fork when the dam was completed. Based on migration rates for the Kootenai system, we calculated that about 65,500 adfluvial juvenile cutthroat were lost to Flathead Lake annually from the river and tributary system. Based on spawning gravel surveys and spawner escapement estimates from Hungry Horse Creek, potential recruitment of about 2,350 cutthroat juveniles were lost to the reservoir population if all problem road culverts identified were complete migration barriers. ... By comparing spawning escapement estimates and drainage areas for the North and Middle Forks of the Flathead River, potential habitat for about 2,100 adult bull trout was lost to Flathead Lake annually from blocked access to the South Fork due to dam construction. ... Construction of Hungry Horse Dam had the greatest adverse impacts on cutthroat and bull trout from Flathead Lake and mitigative measures should be taken to offset these losses, if biologically and economically feasible. Also, other losses to fish and wildlife have been documented in the Flathead basin due to hydroelectric facilities and their operation. Some of these research projects will not be completed until 1989, when mitigation will be recommended using a basin-wide approach. Since HHR is at the headwaters of the Columbia system, mitigative measures may also affect downstream projects. Therefore, we presented an array of possible mitigation alternatives for consideration by decision-makers, with suggestions on the ones we feel are the most cost effective. Possible mitigation measures included: (1) a feasibility/monitoring study to determine if the Bigfork fish ladder can be operated and maintained to pass fish upstream during all seasons and if the Swan drainage can significantly contribute to natural reproduction for Flathead Lake, (2) improve fish passage at barrier road culverts, (3) various stocking strategies using hatchery plants, (4) operation of Hungry Horse Dam to benefit game fish in the reservoir, (5) rehabilitation of spawning and rearing habitat in previously degraded Flathead basin tributaries, and (6) construction, operation and maintenance of spawning channels to enhance production. Monitoring should be initiated to determine the effectiveness of mitigation measures implemented and ensure a successful program. ... Actions: Add to Cart
18. Factors affecting the abundance of 1977-79 brood wild fall Chinook salmon [Oncorhynchus tshawytscha] in the Lewis River, Washington by McIsaac, Donald O'Hanley Publication: Seattle, WA University of Washington 1990 . x, 174 p. , 318 28 cm. Date:1990 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet Library [SH 222 .W2 L495 1977/79] (1), Match: ... The Lewis River supports one of the largest and most stable populations of fall chinook [sic] salmon in the Columbia River basin. This wild population has exhibited relative constancy in abundance during the recent 50 years, in contrast to most other wild chinook populations in the basin. The success of the Lewis River population has occurred despite extensive environmental changes associated with hydro-power development, intensive mixed stock marine and freshwater chinook fisheries and large scale hatchery development. To study the paradoxical success of the Lewis River population, wild juvenile fish comprising three treatments in each of three consecutive brood years were tagged and recaptured in subsequent life stages. Life history parameters were estimated for this wild population and compared to estimates of these same parameters for 15 hatchery populations of fall chinook. Additionally, a 21 year data set consisting of river flow records, hatchery releases and Lewis River wild spawner abundance was analyzed to determine how environmental influences affect the success of the Lewis River wild stock. ... Results showed that several factors positively affected the Lewis River wild population in comparison to other Columbia River stocks, including unique migration attributes, high productivity and certain specialized limnological parameters associated with Lewis River hydropower development. Lewis River fish are less vulnerable to marine fisheries than other Columbia River fall chinook populations due to a unique oceanic feeding migration route, and also have other beneficial migration attributes. A spawner-recruit analysis indicates the Lewis River stock is inherently productive; intense intrapopulation competition for habitat in the juvenile phase contributes to highly fit smolts estimated to survive at an average rate that may be as high as 12 times greater than the average Columbia River hatchery stocks. While hydro-power developement [sic] has reduced total habitat and caused observable mortalities of wild fish annually, partially compensatory environmental benefits have also accrued, such as cleaner spawning gravel and cooler and more nutrient rich water for juvenile rearing. Recommendations are presented for further flow regulation, genetic protection guidelines and a spawning escapement goal. ... spawning recruitment ... Actions: Add to Cart
19. Snake River sockeye salmon habitat and limnological research by Teuscher, David Publication: Portland, OR BPA 1995 . iii, 94 p. , 29084 28 cm. Date:1995 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet Library [QL 638 .S28 S63 1994] (1), Match: ... Snake River sockeye salmon were listed as endangered in 1991. Since then, the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes (SBT) have been involved in a multi-agency recovery effort. The purpose of this document is to report activities completed in the rearing environments of the Sawtooth Valley Lakes, central Idaho. SBT objectives for 1995 included continuing population monitoring and spawning habitat surveys, estimate smolt carrying capcity of the lakes, and supervise limnology and barrier modification studies. ... Hydroacoustic estimates of O. nerka densities in the Sawtooth Valley Lakes ranged from 32 to 339 fish/ha. Densities were greatest in Stanley followed by Redfish (217 fish/ha), Pettit (95 fish/ha), and Alturas. Except for Alturas, population abundance estimates were similar to 1993 results. In Alturas Lake, O. nerka abundance declined by approximately 90%. ... Kokanee spawning in Fishhook Creek was slightly lower than 1993 estimates but similar to the mean escapement since 1991. About 9,200 kokanee entered the creek in 1994 compared to 10,800 in 1993. Escapement for Stanley Lake Creek was only 200, a 68% reduction from 1993. Conversely, O. nerka spawning densities increased to 3,200 in Alturas Lake Creek, up from 200 the previous year. ... Spawning habitat is not limiting in Redfish Lake. The shoal spawning area on Sockeye Beach and in the South end of Redfish Lake should support up to 16,000 sockeye spawners. Percent fines in those areas were low (less than 35% of the substrate was smaller than 6.3 mm), and should yield moderately high egg-to-fry survival. ... Actions: Add to Cart
20. Research and recovery of Snake River sockeye salmon by Kline, Paul A. Publication: Portland, OR BPA 1995 . iii, 47 p. , 29026 28 cm. Date:1995 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet Library [SH 167 .S17 R4792 1994] (1), Match: ... On November 20, 1991, the National Marine Fisheries Service listed Snake River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) as endangered under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. In 1991, the Shoshone-Bannock Tribe and the Idaho Department of Fish and Game initiated the Snake River Sockeye Salmon Sawtooth Valley Project to conserve and rebuild populations in Idaho. ... In 1994, we estimated the total September Redfish Lake O. nerka population at 51,529 fish (95% CI, +- 33,179). Total O. nerka density and biomass was estimated at 124 fish/hectare (+- 81) and 2.1 kg/hectare, respectively. The Alturas Lake O. nerka population was steimated at 5,785 fish (+- 6,919). The total density and biomass of Alturas Lake was estimated at 27 fish/hectare (+- 33) and 0.7 kg/hectare, respectively. The total O. nerka population estimate for Pettit Lake was 14,743 fish (+- 3,683). We estimated total density and biomass for Pettit Lake at 128 fish/hectare (+- 32) and 4.4 kg/hectare, respectively. Stanley Lake O. nerka total population size, density, and biomass was estimated at 2,695 fish (+- 963), 37 fish/hectare (+- 13), and 0.5 kg/hectare, respectively. ... We released 37 ultrasonic-tagged, maturing 0. nerka adults into Redfish Lake in 1994. Tagged fish were tracked to identify spawning-related activity and to detect differences in survival between two principal release groups: (1) fish spawned from returning anadromous sockeye salmon in 1991 and reared to spawning age at Eagle Fish Hatchery (brood year 1991), and (2) O. nerka collected as outmigrants from Redfish Lake in 1991 and reared to spawning age Eagle Fish Hatchery (outmigrant 1991). We made no observations of sustained site association or spawning-related activity for any of the 37 fish. Additionally, no stationary tags were located or recovered near areas of known or suspected beach spawning activity. Outmigrant 1991 broodstock adults exhibited significantly fewer incidences of stationary and absent tag status (potential mortality indices) and greater incidence of active tag status. ... population estimates ... population density ... spawning habitat ... Actions: Add to Cart
21. Central Valley anadromous sport fish annual run-size, harvest, and population estimates, 1967 through 1991 (third draft)   Publication: California Department of Fish and Game 1994 . iv, 70 leaves, incl. lit. cited, ten appendices; 9 tables; 7 figures , 60526 Date:1994 Availability: Copies available: (1), Match: ... Central Valley anadromous sport fish annual run-size, harvest, and population estimates, 1967 through 1991 (third draft) ... Spawning ... population estimates ... Actions: Add to Cart
22. Snake River sockeye salmon habitat and limnological research by Teuscher, David Publication: Portland, OR BPA 1996 . 137 p. , 29370 28 cm. Date:1996 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet Library [QL 638 .S28 S63 1995] (1), Match: ... Chapter 1: Critical habitat for endangered Snake River sockeye salmon includes five rearing lakes located in the Sawtooth Valley of central Idaho. Most of the lakes contain either introduced or endemic kokanee populations. Snake River sockeye occur naturally in Redfish Lake, and are being stocked in Redfish and Pettit Lakes. Because kokanee compete with sockeye for limited food resources, understanding population characteristics of both species such as spawn timing, egg-to-fry survival, distribution and abundance are important components of sockeye recovery. This chapter describes some of those characteristics. ... In 1995, hydroacoustic estimates of O. nerka densities in the Sawtooth Valley Lakes ranged from 57 to 465 fish/ha. Densities were greatest in Pettit followed by Redfish (167), Alturas (95), and Stanley Lakes. O. nerka numbers increased from 1994 values in Pettit and Alturas lakes, but declined in Redfish and Stanley. Despite a decline in total lake abundance, O. nerka biomass estimates in Redfish Lake increased. ... In Fishhook Creek, kokanee spawning escapement was estimated using stream surveys and a weir. Escapement estimates were 4,860 from weir counts, and 7,000 from stream surveys. As part of the kokanee reduction program, 385 of the spawning female kokanee were culled. Escapement for Stanley Lake Creek was only 60 fish, a ten fold decrease from 1994. In Alturas Lake, kokanee spawners dropped by 50% to 1,600. ... population estimates ... Actions: Add to Cart
23. Washington Columbia River and tributary stream survey sampling results, 1992 by Hymer, Joe Publication: Battle Ground, WA WDF 1993 . 1 v. , 11261 28 cm. Date:1993 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet Library [SH 11 .W36 C54 no.93-19] (1), Match: ... INTRODUCTION: Spawning ground surveys in the Columbia River and tributaries for spring and fall chinook, coho, sockeye, and chum salmon have been emphasized in recent years (DeVore, Fiscus, Hawkins, Hymer, LeFleur, Norman). Information collected during these survyes is used to estimate natural spawning population sizes, age and stock compositions, and to formulate a coded-wire tag (CWT) recovery database. Information gathered for Columbia River fall chinook is used in the Pacific Salmon Treaty pass through analysis, the Pacific Fisheries Management Council ocean regulatory process, and Columbia River harvest management. In addition, information for all species has been recently incorporated into the Coordinated Information System (CIS) and the Salmon and Steelhead Stock Inventory (SASSI). ... While the emphasis of this report focuses on fall chinook for the 1992 spawning year, mark recovery information is also presented for other salmon species. Spring chinook and chum natural spawn escapement estimates and mark sample data can also be found in this report. The 1992 spring chinook natural spawn age composition for Washington Columbia River tributaries located below and above Bonneville Dam can be found in Columbia River Laboratory (CRL) Progress Reports No. 93-2 and No. 93-4, respectively. Lower Columbia River chum salmon natural spawn age composition and peak index counts have also been previously summarized (Fiscus, 1993). The age and stock composition of natural spawning fall chinook upstream from McNary Dam are summarized annually in other Columbia River Lab progress reports (LaVoy, Roler). ... Fish that returned to Washington hatcheries and were put upstream outside spawning ground index areas or after spawning ground counts have been completed were considered hatchery escapement for inclusion in Columbia River fall chinook run reconstruction. ... Spawning ... Fish populations ... Spawning ... spawning ground survey ... Actions: Add to Cart
24. Research and recovery of Snake River sockeye salmon by Kline, Paul A. Publication: Portland, OR BPA 1994 . iv, 52 p. , 29020 28 cm. Date:1994 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet Library [SH 167 .S17 R4792 1993] (1), Match: ... On November 20, 1991, the National Marine Fisheries Service listed Snake River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) as endangered under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. In 1991, the Shoshone-Bannock Tribe along with the Idaho Department of Fish and Game initiated the Snake River Sockeye Salmon Sawtooth Valley Project to conserve and rebuild populations in Idaho. ... We estimated total O. nerka population, density and biomass in Redfish and Alturas lakes increased by 20% and 9%, respectively, in 1993. Estimates for Stanley Lake decreased by 37% while estimates for Pettit Lake increased by 300% over 1992 levels. Total population, density, and biomass estimates for Stanley and Pettit lakes remained comparatively low. ... We identified lake and tributary spawning locations using biotelemetry on adult O. nerka (1991 outmigrants reared to adults in captivity) outplanted from the captive broodstock program to Redfish and Alturas lakes. The majority of Alturas Lake outplants spawned in Alturas Lake Creek, the primary tributary to the lake. We observed Redfish Lake outplants over three areas of potential resident/residual O. nerka beach spawning activity. One observation of spawning was made for two outplants in the Sockeye Beach area of Redfish Lake. One Redfish Lake outplant spawned in Fishhook Creek, the primary resident kokanee (O. nerka) spawning tributary to the lake. ... We used otolith microchemistry to describe origin and life history patterns of Redfish Lake O. nerka. Strontium/Calcium ratios (Sr/Ca) in otolith primordia of fish from known origin (1991 brood year progeny of anadromous adults) showed patterns consistent with life history (Sr/Ca ratio >0.00140). Strontium/Calcium ratios in otolith primordia of fish from unknown origin (beach-spawning residual adults, 1991 lake outmigrants, 1993 anadromous adult returns) showed patterns consistent with both freshwater and anadromous life history. Twenty-five, 40, and 50% of otolith samples from anadromous adults, residual adults, and 1991 lake outmigrants, respectively, fell into the range below 0.00080 reflecting lineage to freshwater female parents. Sixty-three, 10, and 22% of otolith samples from anadromous adults, residual adults, and 1991 outmigrants, respectively, fell into the range above 0.00140 reflecting lineage to anadromous female parents. Twelve, 50, and 28% of otolith samples from these sources, respectively, fell into the range between 0.00080 and 0.00140 making definitive identification of origin difficult. ... population estimates ... spawning timing ... spawning habitat ... Actions: Add to Cart
25. Research and recovery of Snake River sockeye salmon by Kline, Paul A. Publication: Portland, OR BPA 1997 . v, 77 p. , 29670 28 cm. Date:1997 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet Library [SH 167 .S17 R4792b 1995/96] (1), Match: ... EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: On November 20, 1991, the National Marine Fisheries Service listed Snake River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) as endangered under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. In 1991, the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes and the Idaho Department of Fish and Game initiated the Snake River Sockeye Salmon Sawtooth Valley Project to conserve and rebuild populations in Idaho. ... September estimates of total O. nerka abundance and density in Redfish Lake have increased by almost 200% since 1990. During September 1995, we estimated total O. nerka abundance and density at 61,646 fish and 150 fish/hectare, respectively. Alturas Lake O. nerka total population, density, and biomass estimates (September) increased by approximately 300% over 1994 levels. Population and density estimates have declined sharply, however, since trawling was initiated on Alturas Lake in 1990. During September 1995, total population and density were estimated at 23,061 fish and 109 fish/hectare, respectively. From September 1994 to September 1995, total population and density estimates of Pettit lake O. nerka increased from 14,743 fish and 128 fish/hectare to 59,002 fish and 513 fish/hectare, respectively. For this same time period, Stanley Lake O. nerka population and density estimates declined from 2,694 fish and 37 fish/hectare to 1,021 fish and 13 fish/hectare, respectively. ... Trend sections were established on tributaries of Redfish and Alturas lakes in 1995 to monitor bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) spawning escapement. The objective of this effort was to evaluate predator production in relation to sockeye salmon recovery options. We identified eight redds and two pair of adult spawners in the Alturas Lake system. Three redds and five adults were recorded in the Redfish Lake system. ... Spawning ... population density ... Actions: Add to Cart
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