1. The Dalles Lock and Dam, Columbia River, Washington and Oregon Design memorandum no. 6, navigation lock, north fishway and non-overflow dam between lock and spillway, supplement no. 2, north fish ladder counting station and weir modifications /   Publication: Portland, OR USACE 1985 . 1 v. (various pagings) : ill., maps ; 28 cm Date:1985 Availability: Copies available: (1), Log in to add tags. Match: ... The Dalles Lock and Dam, Columbia River, Washington and Oregon Design memorandum no. 6, navigation lock, north fishway and non-overflow dam between lock and spillway, supplement no. 2, north fish ladder counting station and weir modifications / ... Fishways--Columbia River--Maintenance and repair ... Fishes--Columbia River--Counting ... $a North fish ladder counting station and weir modifications (740.01) ... $a Navigation lock, north fishway and non-overflow dam between lock and spillway (740.01) ... Actions: Add to Cart
2. Gnat Creek weir studies by Willis, Raymond A. Publication: Portland, OR FCO 1962 . [v], 71 p. , 597 28 cm. Date:1962 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet References [StreamNet Reference] (1), Match: ... Gnat Creek weir studies ... Gnat Creek Weir, constructed with federal funds, was completed in October 1955. Primary objectives were to quantitatively study fall chinook [sic] and silver salmon to: (1) determine the survival, timing, and size of juvenile salmonids resulting from natural spawning; (2) measure the survival of hatchery-reared fingerlings and yearlings; (3) determin if a relationship between varying stream lofws and adult prodcution existed; and (4) study th ejuvenile production resulting from various numbers of adults above the weir. The source of Gnat Creek is at 2,500 feet altitude and the stream system drains 22 square miles. Falls and other obstructions limit the productin area above the weir to the central part of the main stream and parts of two small tributaries. Counts of juveniles, although not complete du to spill over the dam above 150 c.f.s., are considered accurate and complete during the times of no spill. Survival rates for silver salmon smolts (yearlings) were 0.5 and 2.0% of the maximum calculated egg deposition in the two years with no spill during April and May and averaged 1.5% for all years. Seventy-one per cent of the smolts migrated during May and 90% during April and May. The average size of 7,878 smolts from 6 brood years was 114.9 mm fork length with 95% confidence limits of 87.8-142.0 mm. Silver salmon survival rates of adults only (jacks excluded) returing to the weir averaged 2.5% of the smolts counted downstream. An excellent correlation existed between the numbers of silver salmon jacks in one year and the numbers of adults in the following year at Gnat Creek. Counts of steelhead adults and juveniles are presented and a manuscript concerning a test of spaghetti and Petersen tags on steelhead was prepared. ... weir ... Actions: Add to Cart
3. South Fork of the Salmon River, salmon and steelhead harvest and escapement studies, 1960-1967 by Ortmann, David W. Publication: Boise, ID IDFG 1968 . iv, 24 p. , 429 28 cm. Date:1968 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet Library [SH 167 .A7 O77 1960/67] (1), Match: ... South Fork of the Salmon River, salmon and steelhead harvest and escapement studies, 1960-1967 ... Chinook salmon fishing pressure and harvest distributions among stream sections of the South Fork of the Salmon River drainage varied little from 1960 to 1964. Checked harvests from the drainage during this period ranged from 1,709 to 3,937 chinook salmon. Yearly harvests appeared to follow the trend of escapements over Ice Harbor Dam. Fishing for chinook [sic] salmon was not permitted in the drainage from 1965 to 1967. ... The yearly checked harvest of steelhead ranged from 28 to 813. Access and flow conditions governed the length of annual fishing periods. Larger harvests occurred following larger escapements over Ice Harbor Dam. ... From 1964 to 1967, chinook salmon runs counted through a weir in the South Fork ranged from 2,000 to 3,300 fish. Information on timing and sex and age composition of the runs were recorded. South Fork chinook runs ranged from 10 to 19 percent of the Ice Harbor Dam counts of summer chinook. ... Chinook salmon redd counts varied widely between two observers. It appears that the more reliable redd counts were at a rate of about 1.5 redds per spawning female. ... Sex and age composition data from samples of salmon found dead on the spawning grounds were in close agreement with comparable data recorded at the South Fork weir. Dead fish samples are probably reliable enough for most management purposes. ... US Fish and Wildlife Service ... redd count ... Dept. of Fish and Game ... Actions: Add to Cart
4. Salmon and steelhead investigations by Bjornn, Ted C. Publication: Boise, ID IDFG 1966 . [i], 57 p. , 61 28 cm. Date:1966 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet Library [QL 638 .S21 S3551 1965] (1), Match: ... Salmon and steelhead investigations ... 1965, Jobs 1 and 2 ... Bjornn, T.C., D. Ortmann, T. Holubetz, T. Welsh and D. Corley ... Salmon and steelhead harvest and escapement studies, south fork of the Salmon River ... Welsh, T., D. Corley, D. Ortmann and T. Holubetz ... A weir was placed in the South Fork of the Salmon River below the major spawning area, and a run of about 2,000 adult chinook was enumerated. More than one-half of the spawning population was 3-year-old male fish . Sex and age composition data were recorded at the weir and related to comparable data collected from redd counts and fish found dead on the spawning grounds. Close agreement was noted between weir and dead fish data. Redds were counted at a rate of 1.5 per female chinook thought to be on the spawning grounds. ... JOB 2 (RECOMMENDATIONS): The redd count, age-class composition and sex-ration data, are essential for the effective management of the chinook salmon runs of the Salmon River drainage. The collection of these data should be continued. ... Indications were that the peak of spawning activity in Bear Valley and Elk Creeks was earlier by about one week in 1965 than in several years previous. Frequent checks should be made prior to the scheduled survey data to determine if the spawning time on each stream is similar to the past years. ... U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Federal aid to fish restoration ... dam count ... weir ... redd count ... Dept. of Fish and Game ... Bjornn, Ted C., David Ortmann, Terry Holubetz, Tom Welsh and Donald Corley ... Actions: Add to Cart
5. Salmon and steelhead harvest and escapement studies, South Fork Salmon River by Ortmann, David W. Publication: Boise, ID IDFG 1967 . iii, 15 p. , 428 28 cm. Date:1967 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet Library [SH 167 .A7 O77 1966] (1), Match: ... Salmon and steelhead harvest and escapement studies, South Fork Salmon River ... Salmon and steelhead investigations ... A smaller than average escapement of steelhead over Ice Harbor Dam was followed by a correspondingly small harvest by the South Fork Salmon River fishery. ... A run of about 3,300 chinook [sic] salmon spawned in the South Fork Salmon River in 1966, the equivalent of nineteen percent of the summer run counted over Ice Harbor Dam. Four-year-old fish dominated the run. Indications of a cyclic pattern in the age composition of South Fork runs were noted. Sex and age composition data recorded at the weir were related to comparable data collected from redd cunts and fish found dead on the spawning grounds. Redd counts were not comparable to those of past years. The sex and age composition of fish found dead on the spawning grounds indicated errors in sexing fish at the weir. ... U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ... redd count ... Dept. of Fish and Game ... Actions: Add to Cart
6. Salmon and steelhead investigations   Publication: Boise, ID IDFG 1966 . (ix) 110 p. , 426 28 cm. Date:1966 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet Library [QL 638 .S21 S3551 1964] (1), Match: ... Salmon and steelhead investigations ... Salmon and steelhead harvest and escapement studies ; south fork of the Salmon River ... Platts, W., D. Corley and D. Ortmann ... Bjornn, T. and T. Holubetz ... Bjornn, T. and T. Holubetz ... Salmon and steelhead production, escapement, and harvest studies, Lemhi River ... JOB 1: Checking stations during the 1964 fishing seasons enumerated a harvest of 737 steelhead and 1,709 chinook [sic] salmon from the South Fork of the Salmon River drainage. ... A weir in the upper South Fork of the Salmon River was used to count a run of 2,895 chinook into the river. Thirty-six percent of the run was harvested by the sport fishery, leaving a spawning escapement of about 1,800. The spawning population was calculated to be comprised of 1,094 males and 710 females. The number of redds counted after spawning was completed exceeded the number of females thought to be on the spawning grounds by about 58 percent. ... JOB 2: Ground and aerial counts of chinook salmon redds in the Salmon and Snake River drainages were made again in 1964. Most of the areas were counted from the ground in conjunction with the collection of life history data from dead spawners examined on the spawning grounds. ... There were more (4.9 - 23.6 percent) spring- and summer-run chinook salmon counted at the dams in the Columbia and Snake Rivers in 1964 than in 1963, except at Ice Harbor Dam where the spring-run chinook count was 11.3 percent smaller than in 1964 than 1963. Accordingly, the number of redds counted in the Salmon River drainage in 1964 (8,424) was also up from the count in 1963 (7,254). The number of redds counted in both spring-run and summer-run chinook spawning areas was more than in 1963. ... Downstream migrant rainbow-steelhead trout were enumerated at the weir located at the mouth of Lemhi Big Springs Creek. Rainbow-steelhead trout fingerlings (age-class 0) began migrating from Lemhi Big Springs Creek in late September and continued through December. The estimated number of rainbow-steelhead fingerlings from the 1964 year class leaving Lemhi Big Springs Creek during the fall of 1964 was 12,774 fish. The estimated number of age-class 0 rainbow-steelhead trout of the 1962 and 1963 brood years leaving Lemhi Big Springs Creek was approximately 2,400 during the fall of 1962 and 6,548 during 1963. The number of juvenile rainbow-steelhead trout downstream migrants enumerated during the spring months of April and May has been nearly equal for the years 1962, 1963, and 1964. ... A high percentage of rainbow-steelhead trout produced in Lemhi Big Springs Creek leave the stream during the fall, winter, and spring following their first summer in the stream. There is evidence which indicates these yearling downstream migrants are no seaward bound smolts. ... (^1) In addition to the steelhead trout fry released into the stream, resident rainbow trout are also present. The term rainbow-steelhead trout is used to describe samples which may be composed of both resident rainbow and steelhead trout. ... JOB 4: The Lemhi River fish weir facilities for enumeration of upstream migrants and sampling downstream migrants were put into operation on June 23, 1964. the 1,075 adult chinook [sic] salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) enumerated at the weir during 1964 does not represent a complete count, as an unknown, but probably small number of fish had migrated past the weir site prior to June 23. The count of chinook salmon redds in the Lemhi River during 1964 was 1,151, considerably more than the estimated number of female chinook salmon available to spawn in the stream. ... Downstream migrant juvenile chinook salmon and rainbow-steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) were sampled at the louver trap portion of the Lemhi weir and at screen traps L-43 and L-5. At the louver trap 3,423 juvenile chinook salmon and 540 rainbow-steelhead trout were caught in the 156 days of trapping. In 172 days of trapping at screen L-43, 89.3 chinook salmon and 86 rainbow-steelhead trout were caught. The atch at screen L-5 in 38 days of trapping was 3,334 chinook salmon and 23 rainbow-steelhead trout. The peak of downstream movement of chinook salmon juveniles occurred during October as evidenced by the large catches at all three sampling stations. Chinook salmon appeared to be sampled equally well at all the three sampling sites; however, the catch of rainbow-steelhead trout was markedly higher at the louver trap as compared to the catch at screens L-43 and L-5. Juvenile steelhead trout may not be captured in the screen traps as readily as juvenile chinook salmon, or captured more readily in the louver trap. ... A mark and recapture program was conducted to determine the percent of the downstream migrants captured in the Lemhi weir louver facility. Of 520 juvenile chinook salmon marked and released upstream from the louver, 18 were subsequently recaptured for a recovery rate of 3.46 percent. Recovery rates for individual lots of marked fish ranged from 0 to 10 percent. Assuming that the louver captured approximately 3.5 percent of the juvenile chinook salmon moving downstream, an estimate of 142,506 fish migrating past the Lemhi weir site can be made. These fish moved past the weir site during the period June through December 1964. The smallest number of fish moved downstream during July and the largest number during October. ... A high percentage of the juvenile rainbow-steelhead trout captured in the louver facility were fish which had completed two summers of growth (140 to 220 millimeters total length). Although a large number of subyearling rainbow-steelhead trout entered the Lemhi River from Lemhi Big Springs Creek, few of these fish migrated downstream past the Lemhi weir site. ... U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ... Dept. of Fish and Game ... Holubetz, Terry, Donald R. Corley, T. C. Bjornn, William S. Platts and David W. Ortmann ... Actions: Add to Cart
7. Salmon spawning ground surveys by Holubetz, Terry Publication: Boise, ID IDFG 1972 . 32 p. , 204 28 cm. Date:1972 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet Library [QL 638 .S21 S3561 1971/72] (1), Match: ... Holubetz, T.B., S.A. Hoss, T.L. Welsh and D. Corley ... Each year regional fishery biologists survey major chinook salmon spawning areas in their respective regions to count the number of redds constructed in trend count areas and to examine, measure, and sex carcasses. The data are made available for trend analysis and correlation with dam and weir counts in management reports. ... Redd counts and sex-length data for 1971 are presented in a series of attached tables and maps. ... U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ... redd count ... Fish and Game Dept. ... Corley, Donald, Steven A. Hoss, Thomas L. Welsh and Terry B. Holubetz ... Actions: Add to Cart
8. Salmon spawning ground surveys by Corley, Donald L. Publication: Boise, ID Idaho Fish & Game Dept 1971 . 32 p. , 129 28 cm. Date:1971 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet Library [QL 638 .S21 S3561 1970/71] (1), Match: ... Federal aid in fish and wildlife restoration ... Each year regional fishery biologists survey major chinook [sic] salmon spawning areas in their respective regiona to count the number of redds constructed in trend count areas and to examine, measure, and sex carcasses. The data are made available for trend analysis and correlation with dam and weir counts in management reports. ... Redd counts and sex-length data for 1970 are presented in a series of attached tables and maps. ... U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ... redd count ... Fish and Game Dept ... Corley, Donald R., Terry B. Holubetz and Thomas L. Welsh ... Actions: Add to Cart
9. Salmon spawning ground surveys by Hoss, Steven A. Publication: Boise, ID IDFG 1976 . i, 38 p. , 207 28 cm. Date:1976 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet Library [QL 638 .S21 S3561 1975/76] (1), Match: ... Hoss, S.A., K.W. Ball and T.L. Welsh ... Each year regional fishery biologists survey major chinook salmon spawning areas in their respective regions to count the number of redds constructed in trend count areas and to obtain age and sex composition data. The data are made available for trend analysis and correlation with dam and weir counts in management reports. ... Redd counts and sex-length data for 1975 are presented in a series of attached tables and maps. ... U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ... Counting ... redd count ... Dept. of Fish and Game ... Hoss, Steven A, Kent W Ball and Thomas L Welsh ... Actions: Add to Cart
10. Idaho habitat and natural production monitoring by Kiefer, Russell B. Publication: Portland, OR BPA 1993 . iv, 66 p. , 29111 28 cm. Date:1993 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet Library [SH 157.8 .I33 1992 pt.2] (1), Match: ... Idaho habitat and natural production monitoring ... Kiefer, R.B. and J.N. Lockhart ... The objectives of this research project are: 1. To determine the mathematical relationships between spawning escapement, parr production, and smolt production. 2. Estimate carrying capacity and optimal smolt production. 3. Determine habitat limiting factors relating to substrate, riparian, and channel quality that limit natural smolt production. ... Field work began in 1987 in upper Salmon River and Crooked River (South Fork Clearwater River tributary). ... Major findings of the project to date are: 1. Peak arrival at Lower Granite Dam for PIT tagged natural spring chinook [sic] (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) smolts from upper Salmon River and Crooked River has been later in all years studies (1988-91) than the peak of the total spring chinook salmon smolt run. This difference results from earlier arrival of hatchery smolts which greatly outnumber the wild/natural smolts. The upper Salmon River and Crooked River natural chinook salmon smolts arrive at Lower Granite Dam over an extended period. Natural spring chinook salmon smolts from each of these drainages appears to have its own unique arrival timing curve at Lower Granite Dam. Data from the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) (Mathews et al. 1991) for other wild/natural spring chinook salmon stocks in the upper Snake River corroborate these findings. 2. Estimates of spring chinook salmon egg-to-parr survival rates in headwater streams of upper Salmon River from natural spawners and adult outplants averaged 20.2% (range 4.6% to 32.0%) over 4 years. 3. Estimates of upper Salmon River parr-to-smolt survival to the head of Lower Granite Pool during run year 1988-91 averaged 8.9% (range 6.4% to 12.3%) for chinook salmon and averaged 13.8% (range 3.7% to 23.3%) for age 2+ and older steelhead trout (O. mykiss). Run year 1989-91 estimates of Crooked River parr-to-smolt detections to the head of Lower Granite Pool averaged 11,4% (range 5.2% to 23.2%) for chinook salmon and averaged 29.2% (range 14.1% to 39.9%) for steelhead trout age 2+ and older. 4. Estimates of upper salmon River parr-to-smolt survival at the head of Lower Granite Pool for age 2+ and older steelhead trout have dropped from an average of 21.8% in migratory years 1988 and 1989 to an average of 5.5% in migratory years 1990 and 1991. 5. Lower Granite Dam is not very efficient at collecting sockeye/kokanee salmon (O. nerka) smolts. 6. In 1991, upper Salmon River sockeye/kokanee salmon smolts and late emigrating chinook salmon smolts from upper Salmon River and Crooked River detections to the head of Lower Granite Pool were at a significantly higher rate than we have observed during any other period of this study. We believe this is a result of heavy late spring rains in 1991 which increased flows, velocities, and turbidities through the Snake River system. 7. Sawtooth Fish Hatchery adult steelhead trout released above the weir are [sic] have not produced a self sustaining population. ... Other findings: 1. On smaller spawning streams a total ground count just after the peak spawning time can accurately estimate female chinook salmon escapement with an assumed female to redd ratio of 1:1. 2. Habitat improvement structures that trap sediment (sill logs, K-dams, rock weirs, etc.) can provide clean gravel that attracts chinook salmon spawners. 3. Chinook salmon and steelhead trout juveniles generally key on the same stimul for emigration. Storm events are the primary stimulus in the spring. Sharp drops in water temperature, moon phase, and storm events are the primary stimuli in the fall. 4. Higher elevation (harsher winters) streams have a higher percentage of parr emigrate from the stream in the fall. Age 0 chinook salmon and age 2+ s and older steelhead trout emigrating at similar proportions for a particular stream. 5. The Butterback, Alturas Lake Creek, Fourth of July Creek, Champion Creek, Fisher Creek, Williams Creek, and Beaver Creek diversions block adult chinook salmon from reaching the headwater streams of the upper Salmon River. We estimated two times greater egg-to-parr survival in these stream [sic] as compared to the Salmon River below these diversions. 6. Chinook salmon and steelhead trout juveniles from the mainstem Salmon River move during the spring into some of the tributaries with irrigation diversions. ... redd count ... Division of Fish and Wildlife ... Dept. of Fish and Game ... Kiefer, Russell B and Jerald N Lockhart ... Actions: Add to Cart
11. Rapid River Fish Hatchery by Abbott, Paul E. Publication: Boise, ID IDFG 1986 . 33 p. , 8 28 cm. Date:1986 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet Library [SH 35 .I2 R375b 1984] (1), Match: ... Operation of the adult trap began on April 27 and continued through September 10, 1984. Between May 21 and July 30, a total of 2,356 spring chinook were collected in the trap. This total was comprised of 1,705 adults and 651 jacks, with an age class breakdown of 27.6% three year olds, 57.3% four year olds, and 15.1% five year olds. Sex ratio of adult fish was 47.4% male and 52.6% female. ... Prespawning mortality, including trap mortalities, totaled 50 males and 75 females, or 7.3% of the adult count. Autopsies revealed 28% of these fish to have apparent signs of bacterial kidney disease. Spawning operations began on August 8 and continued through September 14, 1984. A total of 821 females were spawned, yielding approximately 3,125,911 eggs. Survival to eye-up and swim-up was 82.1% and 98.7%, respectively. ... Prior to smolt release, 309,481 fish received coded wire tags, and 89,446 fish were freeze branded for research purposes. Based on population estimates, a total of 1,734,688 smolts were released from Rapid River Hatchery in 1986, with 1,594,688 being released directly into Rapid River and 140,000 released into the Snake River below Hells Canyon Dam. ... There were 112 adult spring chinook and 2 jacks trapped at Red River between July 10 and September 1, 1984. Twenty-nine adults and two Jacks were released upstream from the weir to spawn naturally. The remainder were hauled to Kamiah for spawning. A total of 49 Red River females were spawned, yielding approximately 217,181 eggs. Average fecundity was 4,276 eggs per female. These eggs and the resulting fry were held at Rapid River until June 26, when the fry were transferred to Red River pond. A total of 136,800 smolts were released from Red River pond at a mean size of 30/lb (66.1/kg). ... Dept. of Fish and Game ... Actions: Add to Cart
12. Clearwater River development of spring Chinook and steelhead stocks by Lindland, Ronald L. Publication: Boise, ID IDFG 1986 . 57 p. , 279 28 cm. Date:1986 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet Library [SH 222 .I2 C543 1984/85] (1), Match: ... Clearwater River development of spring Chinook and steelhead stocks ... Lindland, R.L. and B. Bowler ... For the first year since 1981, eyed spring chinook [sic] eggs were planted in Indian Creek Incubation Channel on the upper Selway River. A total of 1.48 million chinook eggs from Pahsimeroi Hatchery were placed in the channel during September and October of 1985. ... Chinook redd counts were the highest ever recorded in Red River during 1985. Counts also increased significantly in most other Clearwater drainage trend areas in 1985. ... A total of 914,350 eyed steelhead eggs from Dworshak National Fish Hatchery were planted in Red River Incubation Channel during May of 1985. Over 8,600 unspawned adult steelhead were trucked from Dworshak and Kooskia National Fish hatcheries to selected tributaries within the Clearwater drainage during 1985. ... weir ... redd count ... dam count ... Dept. of Fish and Game ... Actions: Add to Cart
13. Salmon and steelhead investigations   Publication: Boise, ID IDFG 1964 . [i], 122 p. , 60 28 cm. Date:1964 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet Library [QL 638 .S21 S3551 1963] (1), Match: ... Salmon and steelhead investigations ... Tests to evaluate methods of estimating anadromous fish sport harvests and escapements ... Bjornn, T.C., D.W. Ortmann and D. Corley ... Tests to evaluate Chinook spawning ground survey techniques and data ... Bjornn, T.C., D.W. Ortmann, D. Corley and W. Platts ... The gathering and compilation of relevant data for Idaho salmon and steelhead runs (salmon spawning ground surveys-1963) ... Determination of the timing and distribution of adult salmon and steelhead runs (south fork of Salmon River) ... Bjornn, T.C. and D. Corley ... JOB 1: The chinook salmon and steelhead sport fisheries of the South Fork Salmon River drainage were monitored by checking stations throughout the 1963 fishing seasons. Harvest figures obtained provide a control for evaluation of state-wide postal questionnaire survey harvest estimates. An estimated one-third of the chinook run into the drainage was harvested and both the total run size and the spawning escapement were smaller than average. ... A larger than normal steelhead harvest was indicated. The run appeared to have been the largest in recent years. The harvest was composed almost entirely of 5- and 6-year-old fish, predominately females. A means of estimating steel-head escapement in the drainage has not been devised. ... Checking stations enumerated the chinook harvest from the Bear Valley area of the Middle Fork Salmon River drainage. The Middle Fork proper was found to be the mainstay of this fishery, accounting for 85 percent of the harvest from within the checking station area. ... JOB 2: Studies were conducted again in 1963 to determine the number and timing of surveys needed to obtain representative data on the sex ratio and length frequency of the chinook salmon spawning escapement. ... The sex ratio of early and late dying fish has varied from year to year and stream to stream. On some of the test survey streams, at least, a single survey made at the time the largest number of dead fish are available appears to be adequate for obtaining representative data. ... JOB 3: Ground and aerial counts of chinook salmon redds in the Salmon and Weiser River drainages were made again in 1963. Most of the areas were counted from the ground in conjunction with the collection of life history data from dead spawners examined on the spawning grounds. ... There were fewer (7-33 percent) spring-and summer-run chinook salmon counted at the dams in the Columbia and Snake Rivers in 1963 than in 1962. Accordingly, the number of redds counted in the Salmon River drainage in 1963 (7,254) was also down from the count in 1962 (8,616). The number of redds counted in both spring-run and summer-run chinook spawning areas was less than in 1962. ... The 1963 spring run contained a large percentage of age class 52+ fish, which were predominantly females. In certain areas where large numbers of the 52+ fish spawned, the redd counts in 1963 were similar to those of 1962. ... JOB 4: A temporary counting weir in the South Fork of the Salmon River was operated intermittently during the 1963 chinook run to determine the feasibility of the use of such a structure in enumerating chinook runs into the river. After considerable experimentation, satisfactory passage was obtained. It appears that a temporary weir can be used to count the chinook runs into the South Fork of the Salmon River. ... JOB 5: This study was initiated to evaluate the production of steelhead trout from plantings of eyed eggs made in an incubation channel adjacent to Lemhi Big Springs Creek. In 1962 and 1963, 92,325 and 613,000 eyed eggs, respectively, were planted in the channel. Survival to the emergent fry stage was 70.6 percent in 1962 (65,185 fry) and 32.0 percent in 1963 (193,545 fry). ... Large numbers of juvenile rainbow-steelhead trout leave Lemhi Big Springs Creek after their first summer. Large numbers leave the stream both in the fall and spring with the 1963 fall outmigration larger than the preceding spring migrations. It is likely that the increased outmigration recorded during the fall of 1963 was due, at least in part, to the increased number of steelhead trout fry released into the stream. ... redd count ... weir ... Dept. of Fish and Game ... Ortmann, David W., Theodore C. Bjornn, Donald R. Corley and William S. Platts ... Actions: Add to Cart
14. A review of literature related to movements of adult salmon and steelhead past dams and through reservoirs in the lower Snake River by Bjornn, Ted C. Publication: Walla Walla, WA USACE 1992 . iv, 80 p. 28 cm. Date:1992 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet Library [SH 173 .B5671 1992] (1), Match: ... A review of literature related to movements of adult salmon and steelhead past dams and through reservoirs in the lower Snake River ... Bjornn, T.C. and C.A. Peery ... A synthesis of published and unpublished literature on the upstream migration of adult salmon and steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss, with particular reference to passage through reservoirs and over dams, was prepared as part of an evaluation of fish passage through the lower Snake River. Most of the information on adult migrations in the Snake and Columbia rivers was collected on chinook [sic] salmon O. tshawytscha and steelhead. The amount of flow, temperature and turbidity of the water, and partial barriers are natural factors that affect the rate of migration and survival of upstream migrants. Human-caused alterations in flow, temperatures, and turbidities through the construction of dams and creation of reservoirs may be beneficial or detrimental to migrants, depending on the amount of change from natural and the fishes' ability to adapt. Dams and reservoirs placed in the migration path of adult salmon and steelhead usually create unique passage problems because the structures and discharges differ and the stocks of fish involved change from one section of the river to the next. ... Survival rates of adult salmon and steelhead in the Snake and Columbia rivers were not assessed before the construction of dams, but some information on migration rates was obtained. In free-flowing rivers, salmon have been observed migrating at rates up to 24 km/d (15 mi/d). Lesser rates of migration have been observed when rivers were turbid and in winter when steelhead suspend their migration till spring. Migration rates in reservoirs ranged from 16 km/d for fall chinook salmon in Brownlee Reservoir, a large storage pool, to 56 km/d for spring chinook salmon in Ice Harbor and Little Goose reservoirs, run-of-the-river pools. ... The time required for adult salmon and steelhead to migrate past dams varies with the structure, flow, spill, powerhouse discharge, turbidities, and the positioning of fishway entrances. Some fish approach and pass over a dam in less than a day, but the average reported time to pass a dam has ranged from 1 to 5 d in several studies. Passage rates are slower when there are high flows and spills that make it difficult for fish to find fishway entrances. ... The fishways used by adult fish and the rate of passage is influenced by the distribution of discharge from a dam and the effectiveness of the attraction flows at the fishway entrances. When there is little or no spill, few fish use the fishway entrances near the spillway. Small amounts of spill have been shown to increase use of entrances near spillways, but large amounts of spill can completely block some fishway entrances to fish use. ... Discharges from the powerhouse can vary widely depending on the flow in the river and power demand. During high flows all turbines may be running at capacity, but at lower flows only 1 or 2 turbines may be used at the Snake River dams. The preferred turbines to operate for optimum fish passage has been studied at some dams, but not well defined in a way that can be universally applied. If passage problems occur at a dam, then site specific studies will probably be required. ... Hydroelectric power peaking can affect adult fish migrating past dams through daily changes in discharge and by the volume of discharge during periods of peak power production. Rates of discharge change did not seem to affect fish entry into the fishways, but passage rates were lower during peak discharge periods than at lower discharge rates, presumably because the high discharges made the fishway entrance attraction flows less efficient. The effect on fish of reducing discharges from selected dams to zero at night to conserve water for daytime power production has not been settled. Although fish are believed to move less at night, and would, therefore, be minimally affected by no flow through the reservoirs at night, the results of two studies are in conflict. A more extensive study of zero flow at night in the lower Snake River is underway. ... High volume spills at dams can delay fish in finding fishway entrances and lead to mortality. General guidelines for shaping the pattern of spill at each of the dams have been developed from site specific studies. Testing of spill and powerhouse discharge patterns has not been conducted at all dams because of the cost and unreliable nature of spring runoff flows. ... Considerable study has gone into the location and structure of fishway entrances. Fishway entrances on either bank of the river, flanking the spillway, and along the powerhouse appear to give fish sufficient opportunities to enter fishways, except perhaps, when high flows create currents that obscure some entrances from the fish. Entrance size and depth, and discharges from the entrances appear adequate if attraction flows are good enough to lead the fish to the entrances. Fish can exit, as well as enter, the fishways at the entrances, and enough fish do so at some entrances to have a net entrance rate of zero or less. The extent of the problem is under study at the lower Snake River dams and a fishway fence designed to discourage fish from exiting certain entrances is being tested. ... Once fish enter the fishways, passage is relatively rapid, usually a matter of a few hours, except that most fish move through the fishways during daytime. Fishways with 1:10 slopes, vertical baffles, overflow weirs with submerged orifices, and velocities less than about 1 m/s allow the fish to ascend with minimal delays. A few fish have been observed to partially ascend and then move down and even exit fishways, before eventually reascending. Instances of fish taking a long time to pass through a fishway often involve up and down movements, and may be related to other factors such as turbidity and gas supersaturation. ... The rate of fallback over a dam by adult salmon and steelhead varies with flow and spill, by dam, and species. Spring and summer chinook salmon have the highest fallback rates (up to 30+%), particularly at dams with limited powerhouse capacity, because they migrate upstream during the spring runoff. The location of fishway exits in relation to the spillway is an important factor at some dams. Fallback rates can also be high for steelhead (up to 20+%) at some dams that are in the overwintering areas of the mid Columbia and lower Snake rivers. Mortality rates of fallback fish have not been well documented, but a high percentage of tagged fish have been observed reascending dams. ... Water temperatures influence the rates of migration of steelhead and salmon. High water temperatures have slowed the migrations of fall chinook salmon and steelhead into the Snake River during August and September, and perhaps affected the migration rates in the lower Columbia River. Steelhead also slow their migration in late fall as water temperatures decline and they do not resume their migration to the spawning grounds until the following spring when temperatures increase from the winter flows. ... High concentrations of dissolved nitrogen were a persistent problem in the lower Snake River before all six turbines were installed at each dam and "flip-lips" to prevent deep plunging of spilled water were installed in the spillways. Nitrogen supersaturation at problem concentrations can occur when river flows exceed the capacity of the powerhouses and the volume of spill (more than about 60 kcfs) makes the flip-lips ineffective. ... A portion of the adult salmon and steelhead migrating to spawning grounds and hatcheries die enroute, and those losses can be both natural and human-caused. Discrepancies between counts of fish at dams have been relatively large in some instances, which has raised the concern about extraordinary losses at some dams. Some of the discrepancies have been caused by high fallback rates with subsequent reascension at specific dams, and some can be accounted for as fish caught by fishermen, fish spawning in the main stem rivers or entering tributaries. However, significant portions of the discrepancy cannot be accounted for in some areas and they may in fact be losses of fish to a variety of causes. Discrepancies between counts of steelhead at McNary, Priest Rapids, and Ice Harbor dams have been large in some years and have not been accounted for fully, an indication, that significant losses may occur in some years, mostly amoung [sic] fish destined to enter the Snake River. Discrepancies in counts of salmon and steelhead between the four Snake River dams and losses in radio tracking studies have been relatively low. ... Actions: Add to Cart
15. Wells Summer Chinook Salmon Spawning Channel annual report by Allen, Richard L. Publication: Olympia, WA WDF 1968 . 1 v. , 17 28 cm. Date:1968 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet Library [SH 11 .W3 W382e 1967/68] (1), Match: ... Allen, R.L., B.D. Turner and J.E. Moore ... Prespawning mortality removed 387 females and 147 males. Indications of Columnaris and/or Dermocystidium diseases were found on the majority of the unspawned fish. ... An estimated 3,410,000 eggs were deposited in the channel, primarily in spawning stretches 1 through 4. The channel produced 2,101,920 chinook fry, 61.6% of the egg deposition. Of these fry, 2,077,143 were released into the Columbia River, with 99,711 marked for adult identification by excision of the left maxillary and the left ventral fin. ... The 9-acre rearing pond was stocked with 225,100 fry hatched in incubation trays. A high dissolved nitrogen saturation in the well water used for incubation caused a large mortality on these fish and only 60,946 were later released, 26,952 were marked by excision of the right maxillary and the left ventral fin. ... Douglas County PUD ... Weirs ... Management and Research Division ... Douglas County Public Utility District ... Allen, Richard L., Ben D. Turner and Jerry E. Moore ... Actions: Add to Cart
16. Wells Summer Chinook Salmon Spawning Channel annual report by Allen, Richard L. Publication: Olympia, WA WDF 1969 . 1 v. , 18 28 cm. Date:1969 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet Library [SH 11 .W3 W382e 1968/69] (1), Match: ... Allen, R.L., B.D. Turner and J.E. Moore ... The second season's operation of the Wells Spawning Channel commenced July 6, 1968. The channel was stocked with 2,277 adult chinook [sic] salmon, of which 1,099 voluntarily entered the channel discharge stream and 1,178 were obtained from the Wells Dam right bank fish ladder. The fish taken in the channel represented 29.2% of the total summer chinook run at the dam. ... Prespawning mortality removed 146 females and 47 males. Indications of Columnaris and/or Dermocystidium diseases were found on the majority of the unspawned fish. ... An estimated 4,448,000 eggs were deposited in the channel, with some spawning activity occurring in all 23 individual spawning stretches. Over 2,141,000 juvenile chinook were produced in the channel, or a minimum of 48% of the egg deposition. The majority of these fish were placed in the 9-acre rearing pond and fed for at least 1 month before being released into the Columbia River. ... Two groups of fin-clipped juveniles were released. The first group was comprised of fish reared primarily on natural foods available in the channel and the second was comprised of fish fed to a larger size in the rearing pond. The former group of 102,500 chinook received an anal clip and was released on May 20 at an average size of 700 fish per pound. The second group totaled 110,400 fish and was released June 18 and 19 at an average size of 190 fish per pound. Approximately 1,200,000 unmarked chinook of the same size were released with the latter group. ... Douglas County PUD ... Weirs ... Management and Research Division ... Douglas County Public Utility District ... Actions: Add to Cart
17. Wells Summer Chinook Salmon Spawning Channel annual report by Allen, Richard L. Publication: Olympia, WA WDF 1970 . 1 v. , 19 28 cm. Date:1970 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet Library [SH 11 .W3 W382e 1969/70] (1), Match: ... The third season's operation of the Wells Spawning Channel commenced July 9, 1969. The channel was stocked with 2,873 adult chinook [sic] salmon, of which 360 voluntarily entered the channel discharge stream and 2,513 were obtained from the Wells Dam right bank fish ladder. These represented 44.4% of the summer chinook run at Wells Dam. ... Prespawning mortality removed 323 females and 62 males. Much of the high loss of females was apparently caused by the fungal parasite Dermocystidium sp. ... An estimated 6,370,00 [sic] eggs were deposited, with some spawning activity occurring in all 23 individual spawning stretches. Juvenile chinook produced totaled almost 3,900,000 or 61% of the egg deposition. Most of these were placed into the 9-acre rearing pond or into the large adult holding pool, and fed for a period of time before being released into the Columbia River. ... An additional 627,000 eggs were artificially spawned and hatched in incubation trays. The resulting juveniles were reared for four months in the adult holding pool and released prior to the introduction of fish from the spawning channel. ... The fingerling release into the Columbia River, channel and incubator fish combined, was 3,750,000. This included four groups of marked individuals released at different times and at different sizes to obtain information on optimum release criteria for the Wells juvenile chinook. ... Douglas County PUD ... Weirs ... Management and Research Division ... Douglas County Public Utility District ... Actions: Add to Cart
18. Wells Summer Chinook Salmon Spawning Channel annual report by Allen, Richard L. Publication: Olympia, WA WDF 1971 . 1 v. , 20 28 cm. Date:1971 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet Library [SH 11 .W3 W382e 1970/71] (1), Match: ... Allen, R.L., B.D. Turner and J.E. Moore ... The fourth season's operation of the Wells Spawning Channel commenced July 3, 1970. The channel was stocked with 1,745 adult chinook [sic] salmon, of which 669 voluntarily entered the channel discharge stream and 1,076 were obtained from the Wells Dam right bank fish ladder. These fish represented 23.8% of the summer chinook run at Wells Dam. ... Prespawning mortality removed 185 females and 79 males. Gill lesions indicative of Columnaris disease were found on most of the unspawned fish. ... An estimated 2,681,000 eggs were deposited in the spawning gravel. Juvenile chinook produced totaled 1,425,000 or 53.2% of the egg deposition. Most of these juveniles were placed into the 9-acre rearing pond and fed for a period before being released into the Columbia River. ... An additional 425,000 eggs were obtained through artificial spawning and hatched in incubation trays. The resulting 365,700 juveniles (86.0% production) were reared for almost 6 months in the adult holding pool before being released. ... Douglas County PUD ... Weirs ... Management and Research Division ... Douglas County Public Utility District ... Actions: Add to Cart
19. Salmon and steelhead investigations by Ortmann, David W. Publication: Boise, ID IDFG 1965 . iv, 100 p. , 425 28 cm. Date:1965 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet Library [QL 638 .S21 S3551 1962] (2), Match: ... Salmon and steelhead investigations ... Ortmann, D. and M. Richards ... Ortmann, D. and M. Richards ... Tests to evaluate methods of estimating anadromous fish sport harvests and escapements ... Ortmann, D. and M. Richards ... Tests to evaluate Chinook spawning ground survey techniques and data and explore new methods of gathering these data ... Ortmann, D. and M. Richards ... The gathering and compilation of relevant data for Idaho salmon and steelhead runs ... A weir in the South Fork Salmon River was used to enumerate escapement into the upper area of the river. The actual escapement was compared to an estimate of escapement. Sex compositions of the known escapement and the sampled escapement were seen to differ considerably. The number of redds counted was greater than the known number of female fish. Difficulty was experienced in getting fish to pass the weir. ... JOB 3: Spawning ground surveys were conducted on the South Fork Salmon River drainage, Bear Valley Creek, Elk Creek and the upper portion of Big Creek of the Middle Fork Salmon River drainage and on the Weiser River drainage. Sex ratios of dead chinook found in the South Fork and Middle Fork drainages were similar, 1.1 males to one female and 0.9 male to one female, respectively. Age composition differed considerable between the two drainages. South Fork drainage chinook were predominately four-year-old fish, while age classes four and five in nearly equal proportions were predominate in the Middle Fork drainage. ... A differential rate of availability for dead male and female fish was noted as the spawning period progressed. In the South Fork drainage dead male fish were more available early in the spawning period. In the Middle Fork drainage dead female fish tended to be more available early in the spawning period. Over 98 percent of all females checked were spent. Redd counts were made on all major spawning streams in the lower Salmon River and Weiser River drainages. An average escapement in the lower Salmon River drainage was indicated. ... Dept. of Fish and Game ... Ortmann, David W. and Monte R. Richards ... Actions: Add to Cart
20. Assessment of trout production from Lyons Ferry/Tucannon Hatchery Complex; and field studies summary by Schuck, Mark L. Publication: Dayton, WA WDW 1988 . vi, 127 p. , 489 28 cm. Date:1988 Availability: Copies available: StreamNet Library [SH 348 .S3244 1986/87] (1), Match: ... Assessment of trout production from Lyons Ferry/Tucannon Hatchery Complex; and field studies summary ... Schuck, M.L., G.W. Mendel and S.A. Nostrant ... Lyons Ferry Hatchery operated in its fourth full year with two stocks of steelhead and one stock of rainbow trout from the 1985 and 1986 brood years. A total of 827,548 steelhead smolts weighing 148,723 pounds were released in 1986, and 922,687 steelhead smolts weighing 168,715 pounds in 1987 into the Snake, Grande Ronde, Walla Walla, Touchet and Tucannon Rivers and Asotin and Mill Creeks of Washington and the Wallowa River of oregon. Smolts averaged 5.5 and 5.5 fish/pound for 1986 and 1987 respectively. A total of 253,951 rainbow trout weighing 86,548 pounds in 1986 and 203,772 rainbow trout weighing 71,614 pounds were planted into 42 different lakes and streams in southeastern Washington. this production level represented 103% and 85% of goal for the two years respectively. Decreased production of trout in 1987 was due to disease losses at the Tucannon Hatchery. Trout averaged 2.9 fish/pound in 1986 and 2.85 fish/pound in 1987. ... Twelve study groups of steelhead totalling 243,081 fish in 1986 and 11 groups totalling 243,144 fish in 1987 were coded-wire-tagged, fin clipped and branded as part of catch contribution and return rate studies for evaluating stock success. An additional 95,589 and 92,57- fish in 1986 and 1987 respectively wer brand only marked for release by the Fish Passage Center as part of their smolt travel rate and survival study on the lower Snake River. Tag loss for all groups was between 0.11-1.5% for the two years. Brand loss averaged 2.0% (SD=0.74) in 1986 and 3.65% (SD=2.11) in 1987. ... Smolt emigration went well both years. Curl Lake conditioning pond continues to show signs excessive residualism and retarded smoltification, possibly due to cold water temperatures. Estimates of the smolt passage Index (P.I.) at Snake and Columbia River dams indicated similar smolt performance in 1986 and 1987 to other years, however, average daily migration rates increased significantly in 1987. Lyons Ferry Hatchery stock fish released into the Tucannon R. passed McNary Dam in greater numbers than any previous release. Wild smolts were trapped during both springs on Asotin and Charlie Creeks and the Tucannon River. Smolt trapping was conducted on Asotin, SF Asotin, Charlie and Cottonwood creeks and on the Tucannon River. Average wild smolt size for these streams was between 156-166 mm. Peak smolt migration occurred in April but substantial parr emigation appears to be occurring between December and March. Most wild smolts were age 2+ with lesser numbers of 1+ and 3+ fish also. Our traps did not capture hatchery smolts well. ... Escapement of adults from tagging groups to above Lower Granite Dam was between 0.23 and 1.58% of release for a single return year. Escapement of individual groups into the project area (above Lower Granite Dam) since 1983 has been between 0.70% and 1.51% of release for an entire three year return cycle. Wallowa stock fish returned in the ratio of 55% 1-ocean to 45% 2-ocean adults. Average fork length for 1-ocean and 2-ocean age Wallowa stock fish was 58.6cm and 72.3cm respectively. The Zone 6 treaty Indian gillnet fishery and the Snake River sport fishery continue to be the major harvestors of Lyon's Ferry released steelhead. ... Population densities of juvenile salmonid fish in the compensation plan streams showed some changes over 1981-84 densities. General increases in populations occurred throughout much of the sampling area. These increases may or may not be due to increased spawning escapement of steelhead planted from the hatchery. Residual steelhead smolts are larger than most resident juveniles and have become a predominate populations sector in some stream areas. They are believed to be competing for available food and space. The residual smolts are also contributing to the resident trout fishery. ... Redd counts were conducted on 26.5 miles of the Tucannon River and 22.7 miles of Asotin Creek during the spring of 1986; an don 30.4 and 34.1 miles of the Tucannon and Touchet rivers, respectively, and 19.5 miles of Asotin Cr. in 1987. Redd densities were generally greater in 1987 except for the Charlie Cr. and SF Asotin Cr. areas that had operational adult migrant traps. We believe our traps restricted immigration and will not be used in 1988 to allow us to assess increased escapement without restrictions. ... Adult trapping occurred on Charlie, SF Asotin and Cottonwood creeks and allowed use to measure escapement, redds per adult and characterize the spawning runs in these streams. ... U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ... Schuck, M.L., G.W. Mendel and S.A. Nostrant ... Actions: Add to Cart
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