EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: 1. Frequencies of the summer-run genetic mark allele (G3PDH-1 A') were much higher than expected (0.147-0.268) among fish of the 1983 to 1986 returns of summer steelhead in the Kalama River. Returns during these years were not part of a genetic marking program. A discussion of this finding was presented. 2. Similar frequencies of the G3PDH-1 A' allele among hatchery and wild summer-run parents of the 1984 to 1986 broods will make it difficult or impossible to calculate natural reproductive success to the adult stage for those brood years. 3. Analysis of SOD genotypes from 100 pre-smolts from the third and final brood (1988) of genetically marked hatchery winter steelhead revealed an SOD B' frequency of 0.920, confirming a high mark rate prior to smolt release. As expected, this frequency was slightly lower than observed for the 1986 (0.972) and 1987 (0.968) broods. 4. The SOD B' frequency (0.547) for hatchery winter steelhead returning to the Kalama River during the 1988-89 cycle was lower than expected, given that genetically marked 2-salt adults (B' = 0.972) of Kalama origin were principle components of the return. Higher than average proportions of unmarked 3-salt (31%) and 2-salt fish of non-Kalama origin (strays) contributed to the low overall genetic mark frequency observed. 5. An estimated 27% of the 2-salt hatchery winter-run steelhead sampled from the Kalama River during the 1988-89 return cycle were strays, based on the proportion of 2-salt adults that did not possess the genetic mark. 6. Inter-racial gene flow was estimated based on an increase in the summer-run marker allele (G3PDH-1 A') in wild Kalama River winter steelhead. This analysis indicated that 5-9% of the wild winter-run adults sampled from the 1979 to 1982 brood years had a hatchery summer-run parent. 7. The winter-run genetic mark (SOD B') had no measurable effect on survival of steelhead to the subyearling stage, based on results from the first year of a three year evaluation. 8. An experimental design was presented which addresses the possible effects of the SOD B' genetic marker on survival of hatchery winter steelhead during the marine life history stage. 9. Direct observations at the Kalama Falls Hatchery indicated a total of 2,491 summer steelhead successfully negotiated the falls from May 19, 1988 to March 2, 1989. The ratio of fish which jumped the falls to those which used the fishway at the hatchery was 1.6:1 based on direct observation methods and 1.3:1 using underwater observations of untagged and tagged fish. No steelhead successfully jumped the falls from September, 1988 to March, 1989, suggesting poor jumping success by winter steelhead during the period sampled. 10. Information was collected as part of our ongoing research to develop a database for evaluation of the effectiveness of wild steelhead release regulations that were implemented in 1986. Based on the third year of evaluation (1989), a positive response was not conclusively indicated. 11. Methods for estimating Kalama River steelhead spawner escapement, harvest, total run size, spawner-recruit relationships, and hatchery vs. wild smolt-to-adult survival were refined and databases updated to incorporate adult returns through the 1988 summer-run and 1988-89 winter-run return cycles.

NA-87-ABH-00007 87-8